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I Don't Wanna Cry

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This article is about the song by Mariah Carey. For other uses, see I Don't Want to Cry.
"Script error: No such module "If empty"."
A woman in a wheat field facing the sky with eyes shut
US cassette cover
Single by Mariah Carey
from the album Script error: No such module "If empty".
B-side "You Need Me"
Released March 1991
Studio * Tarpan (San Rafael, California)
  • The Plant (Los Angeles, California)
Genre Pop
Length Script error: No such module "hms".
Label Columbia
Songwriter(s) Script error: No such module "list".
Producer(s) Narada Michael Walden
Script error: No such module "String2". singles chronology
{| style="background: transparent; width: 100%; min-width: 100%; border-collapse: collapse; display: inline-table;"

|- style="line-height: 1.4em;" | style="width: 33%; text-align: center; vertical-align: top; padding: .2em .1em .2em 0;" | "Someday"
(1990) | style="width: 33%; text-align: center; vertical-align: top; padding:.2em .1em;" | "Script error: No such module "If empty"."
(1991) | style="width: 33%; text-align: center; vertical-align: top; padding: .2em 0 .2em .1em;" | "There's Got to Be a Way"
(1991)

|}
Script error: No such module "Unsubst-infobox".

"I Don't Wanna Cry" is a song recorded by American singer-songwriter Mariah Carey for her eponymous debut studio album Mariah Carey (1990). Written by Carey and producer Narada Michael Walden, Columbia Records released it as the album's fourth single in March 1991. A Latin soul-influenced pop ballad, the torch song describes the end of romance. It features drums, guitars, digital synthesizers, and a prototypical song structure with highly delineated section roles. Modulations occur between these segments that emphasize the singer's emotions. Varying from whispering to belting, Carey's vocal range spans more than two octaves.

Critics viewed "I Don't Wanna Cry" as a standout track from Mariah Carey and complimented the dynamic between Carey's vocals and Walden's production. The song received high airplay across American adult contemporary, urban contemporary, and contemporary hit radio stations. It became Carey's fourth consecutive number one on the US Billboard Hot 100 Singles chart, making her the second act to have their first four entries reach number one. The Recording Industry Association of America certified it Gold. Internationally, "I Don't Wanna Cry" reached the top ten on sales and airplay charts in Canada and the top twenty in New Zealand.

Larry Jordan directed the accompanying music video, which shows Carey and a male model brooding over their tainted relationship. His director's cut version includes scenes that Columbia thought projected a sexualized image of Carey. She performed "I Don't Wanna Cry" during the 1993 Music Box Tour, the 1996 Daydream World Tour, and the 2015 concert residency #1 to Infinity. Carey's former husband Tommy Mottola considers her lack of creative control during the production process a factor in the demise of their relationship.

Background[]

Then-backup singer Mariah Carey accompanied Brenda K. Starr to a record industry party in late 1988.[1] Tommy Mottola, president of CBS Records Group, obtained Carey's demo tape at the gala and was immediately impressed by her voice.[2] He signed Carey within a month to establish her as Columbia Records's answer to Whitney Houston of Arista Records.[3] Mottola persuaded Arista promoter Don Ienner—who had been part of the marketing strategy that made Houston a household name—to join Columbia.[4]

Although Carey requested to work on her debut album Mariah Carey (1990) with longtime co-writer Ben Margulies rather than well-known producers,[2] Mottola felt it required further influences.[5] Ienner recommended that they hire Narada Michael Walden,[2] who had produced songs for Houston in the late 1980s[lower-alpha 1] and an output that connected with pop and R&B audiences.[6] This aligned with their view of Carey as "a franchise" with an appeal to multiple demographics.[4]

Recording[]

Mottola phoned Walden personally to request that he write a hit song with Carey in New York.[7][8] She was apprehensive and feared that her music would become "too schmaltzy" like his work with Houston.[2] After meeting each other, the pair held a writing session at the city's Hit Factory studio where Walden heard Carey's voice for the first time. While working on some uptempo tunes, he believed she needed a slower, melodramatic song. Influenced by recordings such as Chuck Jackson's "I Don't Want to Cry", Walden began singing a concept to Carey.[7] They composed the melody and wrote the chorus to "I Don't Wanna Cry", after which Carey completed the remaining lyrics.[9]

"I Don't Wanna Cry" was recorded at Tarpan Studios[lower-alpha 2] and The Plant Studios in California.[10] Carey sought to redo licks multiple times during the process, and Walden agreed. After she recorded more vocals, Walden refused to incorporate them because he felt the song was complete.[7] Mottola encouraged Carey to follow his advice but acknowledged her discontent.[5] She never collaborated with Walden after Mariah Carey,[11] stating, "The label was very excited for me to work with him because of his collaborations with hugely successful vocalists ... it was very important for me to keep my identity as a songwriter."[12] Carey married Mottola in 1993 and they later divorced due to his controlling nature.[13] Retrospectively, he considers Carey's experiences with Walden how "her whole issue of feeling controlled" came into being.[5]

Composition and lyrics[]

Script error: No such module "Listen". "I Don't Wanna Cry" is a torch song[14] in the form of a Latin soul-influenced[15] pop ballad.[16] Like many recordings, it references the act of crying.[17] The lyrics are simple and concern the demise of a romance: "Though I've given you my heart and soul / I must find a way of letting go / 'Cause baby, I don't wanna cry."[11][18] According to David T. Farr of the Sturgis Journal, they introduce an element of vulnerability to Carey's image.[19] Scholar Dorothy Marcic views them as an example of the progression of women's societal role as they showcase a sense of inner strength rather than victimhood like songs from previous decades.[20]

With an introduction, verse, pre-chorus, chorus, post-chorus, bridge, and outro, "I Don't Wanna Cry" features a prototypical song structure. It is organized in compound AABA form.[21] Set in common time, the music is played "tenderly" at a tempo of 66 beats per minute according to sheet music published by Hal Leonard.[22] It is written in the key of F-sharp minor until the first chorus when modulation to the relative key of A major occurs. The key reverts to F-sharp minor for the next verse. Upon the climax at the final chorus, a key change to B-flat major takes place. The song concludes in the relative key of G minor. This alternation constructs prosody; lyrics about breaking up ("Only emptiness inside us") are in minor key while those about moving on ("I must find a way of letting go") are in major key.[23]

Carey engages in riffing during the song's introduction.[24] She uses a low register during verses and an upper register for the chorus.[11] Her vocal range spans two octaves and six semitones from the low note of CTemplate:Sharp3 to the high note of G5.[25] Carey's timbre varies between whispering,[26] cooing,[27] belting with bravura,[28] and "raspy grit".[11] Aside from producing, Walden plays the drums heard in "I Don't Wanna Cry". The song features an electric guitar and an acoustic guitar played by Chris Camozzi.[10] They evoke the sound of a Spanish guitar, which was a vogue production choice at the time.[29] The guitars are soft-sounding and play the melody while programmed keyboards are heard in the background.[30][31] Walter Afanasieff worked with the keys and synth bass electronically; Ren Klyce used the Fairlight CMI digital synthesizer for rhythm programming.[10] As with most Mariah Carey tracks, Bob Ludwig conducted mastering at Masterdisk in New York.[10] The album edition of "I Don't Wanna Cry" is four minutes and forty-seven seconds long[10] and an edited version lasts four minutes and twenty-five seconds.[16]

Release[]

"I Don't Wanna Cry" is the third track on Mariah Carey,[10] which Columbia released on June 12, 1990.[32] It forms the record's mass market appeal along with other ballads such as "Vision of Love" and "Love Takes Time".[28] By early 1991, the first three singles had reached number one on the US Billboard Hot 100 Singles chart[lower-alpha 3] and the album was in the midst of an 11-week run at number one on the Billboard 200 following Carey's Best New Artist win at the 33rd Annual Grammy Awards.[11][34]

Columbia issued "I Don't Wanna Cry" as the fourth and final single from Mariah Carey in the United States.[35][lower-alpha 4] It distributed cassettes and 7-inch vinyls to retail in March 1991 with the album track "You Need Me" as a B-side.[16][37] The latter song has a similar relationship separation theme,[38] this time incorporating funk and rock music.[39] A promotional CD includes a radio edit version.[40] In Japan, Sony Music released "I Don't Wanna Cry" as a mini CD on May 2, 1991.[41] It is featured on Carey's compilation albums #1's (1998),[42] Greatest Hits (2001),[43] and #1 to Infinity (2015).[44]

Critical reception[]

Critics judged "I Don't Wanna Cry" to be one of the best songs from Mariah Carey.[lower-alpha 5] Aside from Carey's work, it received comparisons to other ballads about relationships such as George Michael's "Careless Whisper" and Chris Isaak's "Wicked Game".[48][49] Commentators considered "I Don't Wanna Cry" conventional[lower-alpha 6] and thought that Carey's vocal performance elevates the song's orthodoxy.[lower-alpha 7] Glenn Gamboa of Newsday regarded it as perhaps "the surest sign from her debut that [Carey]'s powerful voice could turn an average song into a hit"[52] and Cleveland.com's Troy L. Smith reckoned although it might have generic production, that "doesn't stop Carey from rescuing the song with an amazing vocal".[29]

Critics felt that Carey's vocals and the composition compliment each other[lower-alpha 8] and resonate emotion.[lower-alpha 9] According to Billboard, "Walden's grand production suits her acrobatic vocal style".[16] Rob Tannenbaum of Rolling Stone thought that Carey's "downcast whispers animated the song's luxurious sorrow" and Vibe's Julianne Shepherd said "she strikes a perfect balance between vocal ability and emotional rawness."[58] Reviewing retrospectively, Leah Greenblatt of Entertainment Weekly graded "I Don't Wanna Cry" a B+[59] and Stereogum's Tom Breihan scored it a 5 out of 10.[11]

Commercial performance[]

In the United States, "I Don't Wanna Cry" debuted at number 50 on the Billboard Hot 100 Singles chart dated April 6, 1991, as Carey's "Someday" departed the top 10.[7] It rose from number eight to number one in the May 25, 1991, issue and replaced "I Like the Way (The Kissing Game)" by Hi-Five.[60] The song's jump to number one was the biggest since Meco's "Star Wars Theme/Cantina Band" did the same in 1977,[61] a feat British publication Music Week deemed "unprecedented".[62][lower-alpha 10] "I Don't Wanna Cry" became Carey's fourth consecutive number one on the Hot 100. This made her the second act after the Jackson 5 in 1970 to have their first four singles reach number one and the second female artist after Paula Abdul to have four number one songs from a debut album.[35] "I Don't Wanna Cry" spent two weeks at number one and nineteen total on the chart.[33] As of 2018, it is Carey's 11th-best performing song on the Hot 100[64] and Walden's final number one as a producer.[11]

"I Don't Wanna Cry" experienced success across multiple radio formats in the United States. The song topped at least one of the adult contemporary, urban contemporary, and contemporary hit radio charts published by Billboard, Gavin Report, or Radio & Records magazines.[65][66][67] It received citations from performance rights organizations ASCAP and BMI for being one of the most-played songs on American radio and television stations in 1991.[68][69] The Recording Industry Association of America certified it Gold in 2022, which denotes 500,000 units based on digital downloads and on-demand streams.[70][71]

Outside of the United States, the song performed well in Canada. It reached the top 10 on the sales-based singles chart published by The Record (No. 7) and the airplay-based chart produced by RPM (No. 2).[72][73][74] Elsewhere, "I Don't Wanna Cry" peaked at number 13 on the New Zealand singles chart and number 49 on the Australian singles chart.[75]

Music video and performances[]

File:I Don't Wanna Cry MV(1).png

The video for "I Don't Wanna Cry" shows Carey and a male model despondent about their relationship.

Carey's video album The First Vision (1991) presents a preview of the song's music video.[76] The clip captures her singing amid red-orange lighting on an empty stage.[77] Larry Jordan directed the official video for "I Don't Wanna Cry", which Columbia released in April 1991.[78][lower-alpha 11] He had previously done so for "Someday".[79] The sepia-toned video features Carey and an attractive man in a dark Midwestern United States home surrounded by candles and empty picture frames. After brooding over their tainted relationship, she enters a wheat field and cries.[80][81][82]

The video received critical commentary. According to KQED's Emmanuel Hapsis, Carey's performance foreshadows her strong acting ability in Precious (2009).[80] People writer Drew Mackie thought her walking barefoot appears seductive.[83] Carey disavowed the video later in her career. As Columbia reshot scenes due to the appearance of her dress and the male model, she prefers the director's cut.[84][lower-alpha 12] This version premiered on MTV in November 1998 and is included on her 1999 video compilation #1's.[85][86]

"I Don't Wanna Cry" is not one of Carey's fondest compositions;[18] she has seldom performed it live.[11] The song is noticeably absent from her 1993 high-profile Here Is Mariah Carey concert.[87] Carey sang "I Don't Wanna Cry" during the 1993 Music Box Tour[15] and the 1996 Daydream World Tour.[88] Her performance of the song at the Tokyo Dome during the latter is included on her compilation album The Rarities.[89] In 2015, Carey resumed singing "I Don't Wanna Cry" for her Las Vegas concert residency #1 to Infinity.[90]

Credits and personnel[]

Credits adapted from the liner notes of Mariah Carey.[10]

A-side: "I Don't Wanna Cry"[]

Locations Template:Bulleted list

Personnel Template:Bulleted list

Publishing Template:Bulleted list

B-side: "You Need Me"[]

Locations Template:Bulleted list

Personnel Template:Bulleted list

Publishing Template:Bulleted list

Charts and certifications[]

1991 weekly chart performance
Region – Chart (Publisher) Peak
position
Australia – Singles (ARIA)[75] 49
Canada – Retail Singles (The Record)[72] 7
Canada – Contemporary Hit Radio (The Record)[72] 2
Canada – Hit Tracks (RPM)[73] 2
Canada – Adult Contemporary (RPM)[91] 2
New Zealand – Singles (RIANZ)[75] 13
US – Hot 100 Singles (Billboard)[33] 1
US – Hot Adult Contemporary (Billboard)[65] 1
US – Hot R&B Singles (Billboard)[92] 2
US – Top 40 Radio Monitor (Billboard)[93] 4
US – Top 100 Singles (Cash Box)[94] 1
US – Top R&B Singles (Cash Box)[95] 4
US – Adult Contemporary (Gavin Report)[96] 2
US – Top 40 (Gavin Report)[66] 1
US – Top 40/Urban Crossover (Gavin Report)[97] 1
US – Urban Contemporary (Gavin Report)[98] 3
US – Adult Contemporary (Radio & Records)[67] 1
US – Contemporary Hit Radio (Radio & Records)[67] 1
US – Urban Contemporary (Radio & Records)[67] 1

1991 year-end chart performance
Region – Chart (Publisher) Position
Canada – Retail Singles (The Record)[99] 58
Canada – Hit Tracks (RPM)[100] 21
Canada – Adult Contemporary (RPM)[101] 15
US – Hot 100 Singles (Billboard)[102] 26
US – Hot Adult Contemporary (Billboard)[103] 10
US – Hot R&B Singles (Billboard)[104] 72
US – Top 100 Singles (Cash Box)[105] 14
US – Top R&B Singles (Cash Box)[106] 37
US – Adult Contemporary (Gavin Report)[107] 15
US – Top 40 (Gavin Report)[108] 7
US – Urban Contemporary (Gavin Report)[109] 33
US – Adult Contemporary (Radio & Records)[110] 8
US – Contemporary Hit Radio (Radio & Records)[111] 7
US – Urban (Radio & Records)[112] 31
List of certifications
Region (Organization) Units (Certification)
United States (RIAA)[70] 500,000 (Gold)

See also[]

  • Billboard Year-End Hot 100 singles of 1991
  • List of Billboard Hot 100 number-one singles of 1991
  • List of Cash Box Top 100 number-one singles of 1991
  • List of Hot Adult Contemporary number ones of 1991

Notes[]

  1. ↑ Such as "I Wanna Dance with Somebody (Who Loves Me)", "So Emotional", and "Where Do Broken Hearts Go"[6]
  2. ↑ Tarpan is Walden's personal recording studio[6]
  3. ↑ Namely "Vision of Love", "Love Takes Time", and "Someday"[33]
  4. ↑ In Europe, "There's Got to Be a Way" was released as the final single.[36]
  5. ↑ Specifically Ivan Brunet of the Nanaimo Daily Free Press,[45] J. D. Considine of The Baltimore Sun,[46] David Hinckley of the New York Daily News,[47] and Rob Tannenbaum of Rolling Stone[26]
  6. ↑ Specifically Trevor Anderson of Billboard,[18] Tom Breihan of Stereogum,[11] Jon Pareles of The New York Times,[50] and Troy L. Smith of Cleveland.com[29]
  7. ↑ Specifically Tom Breihan of Stereogum,[11] Jon Caramanica of The New York Times,[51] Glenn Gamboa of Newsday,[52] Mitch Potter of the Toronto Star,[31] and Troy L. Smith of Cleveland.com[29]
  8. ↑ Specifically Billboard,[16] Ivan Brunet of the Nanaimo Daily Free Press,[45] David Hinckley of the New York Daily News,[47] and Rob Tannenbaum of Rolling Stone[26]
  9. ↑ Specifically Brenton Blanchet of Spin,[53] Pamela Bustios of Billboard,[54] Entertainment Weekly,[55] Barbara Jaeger of The Record,[56] author Chris Nickson,[57] and Julianne Shepherd of Vibe[58]
  10. ↑ Billboard attributed the jump to the previous week's top eight songs all experiencing similar levels of success.[63]
  11. ↑ The video was produced by Kim Turner and Lexi Godfrey of KRT Productions.[78]
  12. ↑ Columbia's marketing strategy at the time was to present "Carey as the most agreeable young singer imaginable".[11]

References[]

  1. ↑ Script error: No such module "Footnotes".
  2. ↑ 2.0 2.1 2.2 2.3 Tannenbaum, Rob (August 23, 1990). "Mariah Carey: Building the Perfect Diva". Rolling Stone. https://www.rollingstone.com/music/music-news/mariah-carey-building-the-perfect-diva-108750/. 
  3. ↑ Script error: No such module "Footnotes".
  4. ↑ 4.0 4.1 Script error: No such module "Footnotes".
  5. ↑ 5.0 5.1 5.2 Script error: No such module "Footnotes".
  6. ↑ 6.0 6.1 6.2 McAdams, Janine (June 29, 1991). "Walden's Celebrated Way with Women". Billboard: 21. Template:Gale; Template:ProQuest. 
  7. ↑ 7.0 7.1 7.2 7.3 Script error: No such module "Footnotes".
  8. ↑ Script error: No such module "citation/CS1".
  9. ↑ Script error: No such module "citation/CS1".
  10. ↑ 10.0 10.1 10.2 10.3 10.4 10.5 10.6 Script error: No such module "citation/CS1".
  11. ↑ 11.00 11.01 11.02 11.03 11.04 11.05 11.06 11.07 11.08 11.09 11.10 Breihan, Tom (November 29, 2021). "The Number Ones: Mariah Carey's 'I Don't Wanna Cry'". Stereogum. https://www.stereogum.com/2168637/the-number-ones-mariah-careys-i-dont-wanna-cry/columns/the-number-ones/. 
  12. ↑ Script error: No such module "citation/CS1".
  13. ↑ Script error: No such module "Footnotes".
  14. ↑ Script error: No such module "Footnotes".
  15. ↑ 15.0 15.1 Kot, Greg (November 18, 1993). "Yes, She Can Sing". Chicago Tribune. https://www.chicagotribune.com/news/ct-xpm-1993-11-18-9311180027-story.html. 
  16. ↑ 16.0 16.1 16.2 16.3 16.4 "Single Reviews". Billboard: 123. March 30, 1991. Template:ProQuest. 
  17. ↑ Cooper, B. Lee (2004). "The Sky Is Crying: Tales Told in Tearful Tunes". Popular Music and Society 27 (1): 111. doi:10.1080/0300776042000166648. 
  18. ↑ 18.0 18.1 18.2 Anderson, Trevor (June 12, 2015). "Mariah Carey's Self-Titled Debut at 25: Classic Track-by-Track Review". Billboard. https://www.billboard.com/music/reviews/mariah-carey-debut-anniversary-track-by-track-6597999/. 
  19. ↑ Farr, David T. (June 18, 2015). "The Farr Side: A Quarter-Century of Mariah Carey". Sturgis Journal. https://www.sturgisjournal.com/story/entertainment/columns/2015/06/18/the-farr-side-quarter-century/34150319007/. 
  20. ↑ Script error: No such module "Footnotes".
  21. ↑ de Clercq, Trevor (2017). "Embracing Ambiguity in the Analysis of Form in Pop/Rock Music, 1982–1991". Music Theory Online 23 (3): sec. 2.2. https://mtosmt.org/issues/mto.17.23.3/mto.17.23.3.de_clercq.html. 
  22. ↑ Script error: No such module "Footnotes".
  23. ↑ Script error: No such module "Footnotes".
  24. ↑ Tracy, Neal (2013). "Music Theater Rocks! Organic Rock Singing 101 and Beyond". Journal of Singing 70 (2): 213. Template:Gale; Template:EBSCOhost; Template:ProQuest. 
  25. ↑ Script error: No such module "Footnotes".
  26. ↑ 26.0 26.1 26.2 Tannenbaum, Rob (November 14, 1991). "Emotions". Rolling Stone. https://www.rollingstone.com/music/music-album-reviews/emotions-252643/. 
  27. ↑ Campbell, Chuck (June 27, 1990). "Mariah Carey Album Soars Into the Picture". Knoxville News Sentinel: p. B1. https://www.newspapers.com/clip/118558468/the-knoxville-news-sentinel/. 
  28. ↑ 28.0 28.1 Holden, Stephen (July 8, 1990). "Three Voices and the Dangers of Compromise". The New York Times. https://www.nytimes.com/1990/07/08/arts/recordings-three-voices-and-the-dangers-of-compromise.html. 
  29. ↑ 29.0 29.1 29.2 29.3 Smith, Troy L. (October 21, 2020). "Every No. 1 Song of the 1990s Ranked from Worst to Best". Cleveland.com. https://www.cleveland.com/entertainment/2020/10/every-no-1-song-of-the-1990s-ranked-from-worst-to-best.html. 
  30. ↑ Miao, Suzanne (October 21, 1990). "Soul Singer Shines with Debut Album". South China Sunday Morning Post: p. 12. Template:ProQuest. 
  31. ↑ 31.0 31.1 Potter, Mitch (July 14, 1990). "Crosby, Stills, Nash ... and Old". Toronto Star: p. H2. Template:ProQuest. 
  32. ↑ Script error: No such module "Footnotes".
  33. ↑ 33.0 33.1 33.2 "Mariah Carey Chart History (Billboard Hot 100)". Billboard. https://www.billboard.com/artist/mariah-carey/chart-history/hsi/. 
  34. ↑ Unterberger, Andrew (February 3, 2023). "64 Grammys, 64 Moments: The Greatest Moment From Every Grammys Ceremony So Far". Billboard. https://www.billboard.com/lists/greatest-grammy-moments-all-time/. 
  35. ↑ 35.0 35.1 Grein, Paul (May 25, 1991). "Bolton Wastes No Time Reaching No. 1; Fences Jumps; Vandross' Power Play". Billboard: 6. Template:ProQuest. 
  36. ↑ Script error: No such module "Footnotes".
  37. ↑ "Hot 100 Singles". Billboard: 81. April 6, 1991. Template:ProQuest. 
  38. ↑ Italie, Hillel (August 13, 1990). "Looks, Voice Took Carey to the Top". The Province. Associated Press: p. 42. https://www.newspapers.com/clip/100796582/the-province/. 
  39. ↑ Barbieri, Susan M. (July 27, 1990). "Mariah Carey". Orlando Sentinel: p. 24. https://www.newspapers.com/clip/117992717/the-orlando-sentinel/. 
  40. ↑ "I Don't Wanna Cry" (CD). Mariah Carey. Columbia Records. 1991. CSK 73743.
  41. ↑ "アイ・ドント・ワナ・クライ" (in ja). Oricon. https://www.oricon.co.jp/prof/163336/products/237735/1/. 
  42. ↑ Script error: No such module "Footnotes".
  43. ↑ Script error: No such module "citation/CS1".
  44. ↑ Hampp, Andrew (April 13, 2015). "Mariah Carey Announces Release Date, Tracklist for #1 To Infinity". Billboard. https://www.billboard.com/music/rb-hip-hop/mariah-carey-release-date-tracklist-1-to-infinity-6531609/. 
  45. ↑ 45.0 45.1 Brunet, Ivan (August 3, 1990). "Oldfield Flops On Instrumental Outing". Nanaimo Daily Free Press: p. 20. https://www.newspapers.com/clip/119606627/nanaimo-daily-news/. 
  46. ↑ Considine, J. D. (June 29, 1990). "Records". The Baltimore Sun: p. 7. https://www.newspapers.com/clip/100797608/the-baltimore-sun/. 
  47. ↑ 47.0 47.1 Hinckley, David (June 3, 1990). "Dynamite Debut by Mariah Carey". Daily News: p. 28. https://www.newspapers.com/clip/62073898/daily-news/. 
  48. ↑ Script error: No such module "Footnotes".
  49. ↑ Smith, Troy L. (May 18, 2015). "Mariah Carey 1 to Infinity: Ranking Her 18 Chart-Topping Singles". Cleveland.com. https://www.cleveland.com/entertainment/2015/05/mariah_careys_infinity_ranking.html. 
  50. ↑ Pareles, Jon (December 13, 1993). "Venturing Outside the Studio, Mariah Carey Proves Her Mettle". The New York Times. https://www.nytimes.com/1993/12/13/arts/review-pop-venturing-outside-the-studio-mariah-carey-proves-her-mettle.html. 
  51. ↑ Caramanica, Jon (October 4, 2020). "Mariah Carey, Elusive No More". The New York Times. https://www.nytimes.com/2020/10/04/arts/music/mariah-carey-memoir-rarities.html. 
  52. ↑ 52.0 52.1 Gamboa, Glenn (March 15, 2017). "Mariah Carey's Greatest Hits, Ranked: "We Belong Together", "Always Be My Baby", More". Newsday. https://www.newsday.com/entertainment/music/mariah-carey-s-greatest-hits-ranked-we-belong-together-always-be-my-baby-more-i61642. 
  53. ↑ Blanchet, Brenton (June 12, 2020). "Give Me What I Deserve: The Definitive Ranking of Mariah Carey's #1 Singles". Spin. https://www.spin.com/2020/06/give-me-what-i-deserve-the-definitive-ranking-of-mariah-careys-number-1-singles/. 
  54. ↑ Bustios, Pamela (October 5, 2020). "The 100 Greatest Mariah Carey Songs: Staff Picks". Billboard. https://www.billboard.com/media/lists/mariah-carey-greatest-songs-top-100-9460564/. 
  55. ↑ Anderson, Kyle (December 15, 2020). "Mariah Carey's Best Songs: Ranking Her No. 1 Hits". Entertainment Weekly. https://ew.com/music/2018/03/27/ranking-mariah-carey-no-1-hits/. 
  56. ↑ Jaeger, Barbara (August 30, 1990). "More Than An Echo of Whitney Houston". The Record: p. ETemplate:Hyphen6. https://www.newspapers.com/clip/119910061/the-record/. 
  57. ↑ Script error: No such module "Footnotes".
  58. ↑ 58.0 58.1 Shepherd, Julianne (November 2007). "The Ultimate Mariah Carey". Vibe: 102. Template:ProQuest. 
  59. ↑ Greenblatt, Leah (June 26, 2015). "1991 Chart Flashback". Entertainment Weekly: 60. Template:EBSCOhost. 
  60. ↑ "Billboard Hot 100 – Week of May 25, 1991". Billboard. https://www.billboard.com/charts/hot-100/1991-05-25/. 
  61. ↑ Grein, Paul (June 1, 1991). "Abdul Casts Spell; R.E.M. Back on Time; Ice-T Stirs Sales; De La Soul Alive & Well". Billboard: 10. Template:ProQuest. 
  62. ↑ Talbot, Martin (September 21, 1991). "Analysis". Music Week: 11. 
  63. ↑ Ellis, Michael (May 25, 1991). "Hot 100 Singles Spotlight". Billboard: 69. Template:ProQuest. 
  64. ↑ Corpuz, Kristin (March 27, 2018). "Mariah Carey's Top 40 Biggest Billboard Hot 100 Hits". Billboard. https://www.billboard.com/pro/mariah-carey-top-40-biggest-billboard-hot-100-hits/. 
  65. ↑ 65.0 65.1 "Mariah Carey Chart History (Adult Contemporary)". Billboard. https://www.billboard.com/artist/mariah-carey/chart-history/asi/. 
  66. ↑ 66.0 66.1 "Top 40". Gavin Report: 8. May 24, 1991. 
  67. ↑ 67.0 67.1 67.2 67.3 "National Airplay Overview". Radio & Records: 96. June 7, 1991. Template:ProQuest. 
  68. ↑ Rosen, Craig (May 30, 1992). "ASCAP Honors Top Pop Performances". Billboard: 18. https://books.google.com/books?id=jg8EAAAAMBAJ&pg=PA18. 
  69. ↑ Rosen, Craig (May 30, 1992). "Carey, EMI Music, Babyface Rattle BMI Pop Awards". Billboard: 19. https://books.google.com/books?id=jg8EAAAAMBAJ&pg=PA19. 
  70. ↑ 70.0 70.1 "Gold & Platinum – 'I Don't Wanna Cry'". Recording Industry Association of America. https://www.riaa.com/gold-platinum/?tab_active=default-award&ar=Mariah+Carey&ti=I+Don%27t+Wanna+Cry&format=Single&type=. 
  71. ↑ "RIAA and GR&F Certification Audit Requirements – RIAA Digital Single Award". Recording Industry Association of America. https://www.riaa.com/wp-content/uploads/2016/02/DIGITAL-SINGLE-AWARD-RIAA-AND-GRF-CERTIFICATION-AUDIT-REQUIREMENTS.pdf. 
  72. ↑ 72.0 72.1 72.2 Script error: No such module "Footnotes".
  73. ↑ 73.0 73.1 "RPM 100 Hit Tracks & Where to Find Them". RPM: 6. June 22, 1991. https://www.bac-lac.gc.ca/eng/discover/films-videos-sound-recordings/rpm/Pages/image.aspx?Image=nlc008388.1552&URLjpg=http%3a%2f%2fwww.collectionscanada.gc.ca%2fobj%2f028020%2ff4%2fnlc008388.1552.gif&Ecopy=nlc008388.1552. 
  74. ↑ "New RPM Charts Reflect Changing Retail Markets". RPM: 2. September 3, 1988. 
  75. ↑ 75.0 75.1 75.2 "Mariah Carey - 'I Don't Wanna Cry'". Hung Medien. https://australian-charts.com/showitem.asp?interpret=Mariah+Carey&titel=I+Don%27t+Wanna+Cry&cat=s. 
  76. ↑ Battel, Ashley S.. "First Vision Review". AllMusic. https://www.allmusic.com/album/first-vision-mw0000676173. 
  77. ↑ Script error: No such module "Footnotes".
  78. ↑ 78.0 78.1 "New Videoclips". Billboard: 54. April 20, 1991. Template:ProQuest. 
  79. ↑ Script error: No such module "Footnotes".
  80. ↑ 80.0 80.1 Hapsis, Emmanuel (August 12, 2015). "All 64 Mariah Carey Music Videos, Ranked from Worst to Best". KQED. https://www.kqed.org/pop/17288/all-64-mariah-carey-music-videos-ranked-from-worst-to-best. 
  81. ↑ Messer, Lesley (May 18, 2015). "Mariah Carey Releases Number 1 to Infinity; Watch All the Music Videos". ABC News. https://abcnews.go.com/Entertainment/mariah-carey-releases-album-hits-watch-music-videos/story?id=31054192. 
  82. ↑ "I Don't Wanna Cry" (music video). Columbia Records. 1991.
  83. ↑ Mackie, Drew (August 3, 2015). "What We've Learned from 25 Years of Mariah Carey Videos". People. https://people.com/celebrity/what-weve-learned-from-25-years-of-mariah-carey-videos/. 
  84. ↑ Mariah Carey (May 29, 2015). "Mariah Carey - 'I Don't Wanna Cry' (Memories & Rants Edition)". Event occurs at 0:15–0:30. Archived from the original on December 6, 2021 – via YouTube.
  85. ↑ MTV (November 18, 1998). "Mariah Carey's Cookin' On MTV; MTV Airs "Mariah's No. 1's" On Sunday, Nov. 22nd at 2:00PM (ET/PT); 'I Don't Wanna Cry' Video to Premiere". Press release. 
  86. ↑ Script error: No such module "citation/CS1".
  87. ↑ Script error: No such module "Footnotes".
  88. ↑ Script error: No such module "Footnotes".
  89. ↑ "レアリティーズ" (in ja). Oricon. https://www.oricon.co.jp/prof/163336/products/1368779/1/. 
  90. ↑ Caramanica, Jon (May 7, 2015). "Review: Mariah Carey and Her Can't-Look-Away Debut in Las Vegas". The New York Times. https://www.nytimes.com/2015/05/08/arts/music/review-mariah-carey-and-her-cant-look-away-debut-in-las-vegas.html. 
  91. ↑ "RPM 40AC (Adult Contemporary)". RPM: 14. June 22, 1991. https://www.bac-lac.gc.ca/eng/discover/films-videos-sound-recordings/rpm/Pages/image.aspx?Image=nlc008388.1543&URLjpg=http://www.collectionscanada.gc.ca/obj/028020/f4/nlc008388.1543.gif&Ecopy=nlc008388.1543. 
  92. ↑ "Mariah Carey Chart History (Hot R&B/Hip-Hop Songs)". Billboard. https://www.billboard.com/artist/mariah-carey/chart-history/bsi/. 
  93. ↑ "Mariah Carey Chart History (Radio Songs)". Billboard. https://www.billboard.com/artist/mariah-carey/chart-history/hsb/. 
  94. ↑ "Top 100 Singles". Cash Box: 4. June 1, 1991. https://archive.org/details/cashbox54unse_40/page/4/. 
  95. ↑ "Top R&B Singles". Cash Box: 9. June 1, 1991. https://archive.org/details/cashbox54unse_40/page/9/. 
  96. ↑ "Adult Contemporary". Gavin Report: 8. May 24, 1991. 
  97. ↑ "Crossover Chart". Gavin Report: 29. May 31, 1991. 
  98. ↑ "Urban Contemporary". Gavin Report: 26. June 7, 1991. 
  99. ↑ Script error: No such module "Footnotes".
  100. ↑ "RPM 100 Hit Tracks of 1991". RPM: 8. December 21, 1991. https://www.bac-lac.gc.ca/eng/discover/films-videos-sound-recordings/rpm/Pages/image.aspx?Image=nlc008388.2024&URLjpg=http%3a%2f%2fwww.collectionscanada.gc.ca%2fobj%2f028020%2ff4%2fnlc008388.2024.gif&Ecopy=nlc008388.2024. 
  101. ↑ "RPM Adult Contemporary Tracks of 1991". RPM: 10. December 21, 1991. https://www.bac-lac.gc.ca/eng/discover/films-videos-sound-recordings/rpm/Pages/image.aspx?Image=nlc008388.1706&URLjpg=http%3a%2f%2fwww.collectionscanada.gc.ca%2fobj%2f028020%2ff4%2fnlc008388.1706.gif&Ecopy=nlc008388.1706. 
  102. ↑ "The Year in Music 1991". Billboard: YETemplate:Hyphen14. December 21, 1991. Template:ProQuest. 
  103. ↑ "The Year in Music 1991". Billboard: YETemplate:Hyphen36. December 21, 1991. Template:ProQuest. 
  104. ↑ "The Year in Music 1991". Billboard: YETemplate:Hyphen18. December 21, 1991. Template:ProQuest. 
  105. ↑ "Top 50 Pop Singles". Cash Box: 8. December 28, 1991. https://archive.org/details/cashbox55unse_18/page/8/. 
  106. ↑ "Top 50 R&B Singles". Cash Box: 36. December 28, 1991. https://archive.org/details/cashbox55unse_18/page/n35/mode/2up. 
  107. ↑ "Adult Contemporary Top 100". Gavin Report: 27. December 13, 1991. 
  108. ↑ "Top 40 Top 100". Gavin Report: 24. December 13, 1991. 
  109. ↑ "Urban Top 100". Gavin Report: 26. December 13, 1991. 
  110. ↑ "Top 91 of '91". Radio & Records: 67. December 13, 1991. Template:ProQuest. 
  111. ↑ "Top 91 of '91". Radio & Records: 45. December 13, 1991. Template:ProQuest. 
  112. ↑ "Top 91 of '91". Radio & Records: 48. December 13, 1991. Template:ProQuest. 

Books[]

  • Bronson, Fred (1997). The Billboard Book of Number One Hits (4th ed.). Billboard Books. ISBN 0-8230-7641-5. OL8118566M. 
  • Hal Leonard (2007). Mariah Carey: Original Keys for Singers. ISBN 978-1-4234-1996-9. 
  • Josefs, Jai (1996). Writing Music for Hit Songs: Including Songs from the '90s (2nd ed.). Schirmer Books. ISBN 0-02-864678-9. OL2187385M. 
  • Lwin, Nanda (1997). Canada's Top Hits of the Year 1975–1996. Music Data Canada. ISBN 1-896594-10-7. 
  • Lwin, Nanda (2000). Top 40 Hits: The Essential Chart Guide. Music Data Canada. ISBN 1-896594-13-1. 
  • Mall, Andrew (2020). God Rock, Inc.: The Business of Niche Music. University of California Press. ISBN 9780520343429. 
  • Marcic, Dorothy (2002). Respect: Women and Popular Music. Texere. ISBN 1-58799-083-0. OL3956472M. 
  • Mottola, Tommy; Fussman, Cal (2013). Hitmaker: The Man and His Music. Grand Central Publishing. ISBN 978-0-446-58518-7. OL16308267W. 
  • Nickson, Chris (1998). Mariah Carey Revisited: Her Story. St. Martin's Press. ISBN 0-312-19512-5. OL363685M. 
  • Pastorek, Whitney (2008). "Whitney Houston vs. Mariah Carey". In Manning, Sean. Rock and Roll Cage Match: Music's Greatest Rivalries, Decided. Three Rivers Press. ISBN 978-0-307-39627-3. 
  • Shapiro, Marc (2001). Mariah Carey: The Unauthorized Biography. ECW Press. ISBN 978-1-55022-444-3. 

v · d · e
Mariah Carey
Studio albums
Mariah Carey (1990) · Emotions (1991) · Music Box (1993) · Merry Christmas (1994) · Daydream (1995) · Butterfly (1997) · Rainbow (1999) · Glitter (2001) · Charmbracelet (2002) · The Emancipation of Mimi (2005) · E=MC² (2008)
Compilations
#1's (1998) · Valentines (2000) · Greatest Hits (2001) · The Remixes (2003)  · The Ballads (2008)
Live albums
MTV Unplugged (1992)
Video compilations
The First Vision (1991) · MTV Unplugged +3 (1992) · Here Is Mariah Carey (1993) · Fantasy: Mariah Carey at Madison Square Garden (1996)  · Around the World (1998) · #1's (1999)  · The Adventures of Mimi (2007)
Concert tours
Music Box Tour (1993) · Daydream World Tour (1996)  · Butterfly World Tour (1998)  · Rainbow World Tour (2000) · Charmbracelet World Tour: An Intimate Evening with Mariah Carey (2003-2004) · The Adventures of Mimi Tour (2006)
Selected filmography
The Bachelor (1999) · Glitter (2001) · WiseGirls (2002)  · Ally McBeal (2002) · State Property 2 (2005) · You Don't Mess with the Zohan (2008) · Tennessee (2008) · Precious (2009)
Charities
Fresh Air Fund  · Make-a-Wish Foundation  · Save the Music Foundation
Achievements
Awards  · Sales/Charts
Related articles
Discography · Videography · Tours  · Unreleased songs · Crave Records  · MonarC Entertainment  · Mariah Carey Wish Icon Award
v · d · e
Mariah Carey songs
  • Singles discography
1990s
2000s
2010s
2020s
Featured songs
  • "Things That U Do"
  • "What More Can I Give"
  • "U Make Me Wanna"
  • "So Lonely"
  • "Lil' L.O.V.E."
  • "Just Stand Up!"
  • "My Love"
  • "Everybody Hurts"
  • "Somewhat Loved"
    • Other songs
  • "Christmas (Baby Please Come Home)
  • "Close My Eyes"
  • "Mine Again"
  • "Migrate"
  • "Side Effects"
  • "I'm That Chick"
  • "It's a Wrap"
  • "Right to Dream"
  • "Betcha Gon' Know (The Prologue)"
  • "100%"
  • "One Child"
  • "Christmas Time Is in the Air Again"
  • "Meteorite"
  • "Unforgettable (Remix)"
  • "The Star"
  • "Sleigh Ride"

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